Sunday 29 August 2021

Education, Jazz, publishing

Education that broadens the horizons without elevating the perspective at the same time makes the earth appear flat.

 

When times are uncertain and people are edgy, don’t go round saying you listen to Jazz if you know what is good for you.

 

If you were to send your book off to the printers, make sure you issue instructions for it to be typeset so that your best lines do not start at the bottom of one page and terminate at the top of the next page. 

Understanding Symbolic Logic, Virginia Klenk, 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, Unit 18, Ex. 2e, p. 354

Prove the logical truth.

 

 

1.     (∃y)[Fy • (x)(Gx  Hxy)]

2.     Gx

3.     Fm • (x)(Gx  Hxm)]

4.     (x)(Gx ⊃ Hxm)] • Fm

5.     (x)(Gx ⊃ Hxm)

6.     Gx ⊃ Hxm

7.     Hxm

8.     Fm

9.     Fm • Hxm

10.  (∃y)(Fy • Hxy)]

11.  Gx  (∃y)(Fy • Hxy)]

12.  (x)[Gx  (∃y)(Fy • Hxy)]

13.  (∃y)[Fy • (x)(Gx ⊃ Hxy)] ⊃ (x)[Gx ⊃ (∃y)(Fy • Hxy)]

(∃y)[Fy • (x)(Gx  Hxy)]  (x)[Gx  (∃y)(Fy • Hxy)]

ACP

ACP

1 EI

3 Com

4 Simp

5 UI

2,6 MP

3 Simp

7,8 Conj

9 EG

2-10 CP

11 UG

1-12 CP

 

 

Sunday 22 August 2021

Shopping trolley, earning and cooking, peacemaker and dealmaker

The deception inherent in online shopping is that the shopping trolley is never pictured in scale.

One school says that in order to eat you have to earn money. Another school says that in order to eat you have to learn cooking. To lose weight though, start by earning less money, not doing less cooking. 

 

Where the Colt SAA was a peacemaker, the Kalashnikov is a dealmaker. Like the peacemaker, the dealmaker speaks in polysyllables. The difference is one was a slow speaker the other is a fast one, as befits the two roles.

Understanding Symbolic Logic, Virginia Klenk, 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, Unit 18, Ex. 2b, p. 354

 Prove the logical truth.

 

1.     (x)(y)(z)Fxyz

2.     (y)(z)Fmyz

3.     (z)Fmyz

4.     Fmyz

5.     (x)Fmyz

6.     (y)(x)Fxyz

7.     (z)(y)(x)Fxyz

8.     (y)(z)(x)Fxyz

9.     (∃x)(y)(z)Fxyz  (y)(z)(∃x)Fxyz

/(x)(y)(z)Fxyz  (y)(z)(x)Fxyz

ACP

1 EI

2 UI

3 UI

4 EG

5 UG

6 UG

Equiv (Com)

1-8 CP

Sunday 15 August 2021

Dog owners, money, business English

Next time a dog owner says their dog won’t bite, ask them why?

It’s not about the money, it’s about the principle, the principle being: everything has a price.

 

What makes English the language of business is the business of teaching it.

Sunday 8 August 2021

Success, toilet paper, knowledge

If you find success in your earthly affairs too overwhelming, there are always other-worldly affairs to seek refuge in.

I remember reading a long time ago about using three sheets of toilet paper to wipe one’s bottom: one up, one down and one to polish. But the methodology has never worked for me. My system is: one run for the country, one for the soul, and one for sunshine.

 

Little knowledge is a dangerous thing because it distorts tolerance thresholds. Immense knowledge is quite another matter. Take dogs. Dogs have an immense knowledge of smells. They are never offended by what they find. On the contrary, they rub their nose in it and relish it.

Understanding Symbolic Logic, Virginia Klenk, 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, Unit 18, Ex. 2a, p. 354

 Prove the theorem.

 

1.     (x)(y)Fxy

2.     (y)Fmy

3.     Fmr

4.     (∃y)Fmy

5.     (∃x)(∃y)Fxy

6.     (x)(y)Fxy  (x)(y)Fxy

/(x)(y)Fxy  (x)(y)Fxy

ACP

1 UI

2 UI

3 EG

4 EG

1-5 CP

Saturday 31 July 2021

Taboos, interests, clock faces

In my family, we never talked about religion, politics, sex or money. But I discovered that, to get around those taboos, the trick was to insert the word ‘neighbour’ in every sentence.

 At school I was interested in maths, physics, biology, history, and even PE, at one time or another, but the interest was not reciprocated. So, I went into business.

 

Clock faces have gone the way of dog breeds. The classic lupine look is lost to the pug face.

 

Understanding Symbolic Logic, Virginia Klenk, 5th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, 2008, Unit 18, Ex. 1s, p. 354

 

1.     (x)[(∃y)(Ey • Wyx) ⊃ (z)(Az ⊃ Sxz)]

2.     (x)(y)(Fxy ⊃ ~ Sxy)

3.     ~ (x)(Ax ⊃ ~ Ex)

4.     (x)[Tx ⊃ (y)Wyx]

∴ (x)[Tx ⊃ (y)(Ey • ~ Fxy)]

5.     (∃x) ~ (Ax ⊃ ~ Ex)

6.     (∃x) ~ (~ Ax v ~ Ex)

7.     (∃x)(Ax • Ex)

8.     Am • Em

9.     Tx

10.  Tx ⊃ (y)Wyx

11.  (y)Wyx

12.  Wmx

13.  Em • Am

14.  Em

15.  Em • Wmx

16.  (∃y)(Ey • Wyx)

17.  (∃y)(Ey • Wyx) ⊃ (z)(Az ⊃ Sxz)

18.  (z)(Az ⊃ Sxz)

19.  Am ⊃ Sxm

20.  Am

21.  Sxm

22.  (y)(Fxy ⊃ ~ Sxy)

23.  Fxm ⊃ ~ Sxm

24.  ~ Fxm

25.  Em • ~ Fxm

26.  (y)(Ey • ~ Fxy)

27.  Tx ⊃ (y)(Ey • ~ Fxy)

28.  (x)[Tx ⊃ (y)(Ey • ~ Fxy)]

 

 

 

 

 

3 QC

5 Impl

6 DM

7 EI

ACP

4 UI

9,10 MP

11 UI

8 Com

13 Simp

12,14 Conj

15 EG

1 UI

16,17 MP

18 UI

8 Simp

19,20 MP

2 UI

22 UI

21,23 MT

14,24 Conj

25 EG

9-26 CP

27 UG

Friday 23 July 2021

Fear of flying, applying for a job, cycling ambulance

There was a time I would look around me and it looked like I was the least smart, until one day when I looked around me and it suddenly looked like I was the least dumb. That’s when I developed a fear of flying.

If you’ve applied for a job and they’ve turned you down, try again. If you’ve tried again and failed, write to them and offer them a job working for you.

 

Like it or not, in this age of urban cycling, we need to cater to cyclists. A cycling ambulance service, for example, is long overdue. It could provide relief to the over-stretched motorized ambulance service and could be dedicated specially to the ferrying of cycling casualties.

A Concise Introduction to Logic, Patrick J. Hurley, Wadsworth, 2006, 9th ed,. 7.7, 20, p. 390

 Prove the logical truth.

 

1.     P

2.     Q • P

3.     Q

4.     (Q • P) ⊃ Q

5.     Q ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)

6.     ⊃ Q

7.     Q

8.     (P ⊃ Q) ⊃ Q

9.     [Q ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)] • [(P ⊃ Q) ⊃ Q]

10.  ≡ (P ⊃ Q)

11.  ⊃ [Q ≡ (P ⊃ Q)]

/ P ⊃ [Q ≡ (P ⊃ Q)]

ACP

ACP

2 Simp

1-4 CP

4 Exp

ACP

1,6 MP

6-7 CP

5,8 Conj

9 Equiv

1,10 CP

Sunday 18 July 2021

Roofs, ladders and corporations, summers and winters, chin covering

It’s a curious case where those fleeing the corporations with long ladders and low roofs and those fleeing the corporations with short ladders and high roofs both cite self-development as their primary impulse to action.

Summers are not what they used to be. Winters are not what they used to be. They are more expensive.

 

The variety of choices today never ceases to amaze. There is – I’m sure – a TV channel or a newspaper where the virology experts recommend chin covering on account of the chin being the primary infection route.

A Concise Introduction to Logic, Patrick J. Hurley, Wadsworth, 2006, 9th ed,. 7.7, 18, p. 390

 Prove the logical truth.

 

1.     ~ [(P • Q) v R] ⊃ [(~ R v Q) ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)]

2.     ~ [~ (P • Q) v R] v [(~ R v Q) ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)]

3.     [(P • Q) v R] • ~ [(~ R v Q) ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)]

4.     [(P • Q) v R] • ~ [~ (~ R v Q) v (P ⊃ Q)]

5.     [(P • Q) v R] • [(~ R v Q) • ~ (P ⊃ Q)]

6.     [(P • Q) v R] • [(~ R v Q) • ~ (~ P v Q)]

7.     [(P • Q) v R] • (~ R v Q)  (P • ~ Q)

8.     • ~ Q

9.     ~  Q

10.  ~ R v Q

11.  ~ R

12.  (P • Q) v R

13.  P • Q

14.  Q

15.  Q • ~ Q

16.  ~ ~ [(P • Q) v R] ⊃ [(~ R v Q) ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)]

17.  [(P • Q) v R] ⊃ [(~ R v Q) ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)]

/[(P • Q) v R] ⊃ [(~ R v Q) ⊃ (P ⊃ Q)]

IP

1 Impl

2 DM

3 Impl

4 DM

5 Impl

6 DM

7 Simp

8 Simp

7 Simp

9,10 DS

7 Simp

11,12 DS

13 Simp

9,14 Conj

1-15 IP

16 DN