The argument:
"There are ghosts if and only if all ghosts or specters are just figments of the imagination. Something is just a figment of the imagination. But not everything fails to be a ghost. Therefore, some ghosts are just figments of the imagination."
The proof:
- (∃x)Gx ≡ (y)(z)[(Gy ∨Sz) ⊃(∃w)(Iw • Fyw • Fzw)]
- (∃x)(∃y)(Iy • Fxy)
- ¬ (x) ¬ Gx
- ∴ (∃x)[Gx • (∃y)(Iy • Fxy)]
- ¬ ¬ (∃x) Gx ......... 3 QC
- (∃x) Gx ......... 5 DN
- (y)(z)[(Gy ∨Sz) ⊃(∃w)(Iw • Fyw • Fzw)] ......... 6,1 MP
- Ga ......... 6 EI
- Ga ∨Sm ......... Add
- (z)(Ga ∨Sz) ⊃(∃w)(Iw • Faw • Fzw) ......... 7 UI y/a
- (Ga ∨Sm) ⊃(∃w)(Iw • Faw • Fmw) ......... 10 UI z/m
- (∃w)(Iw • Faw • Fmw) ......... 9,11 MP
- Ir • Far • Fmr ......... 12 EI w/r
- Ir • Far ......... 13 Simp.
- (∃y)(Iy • Fay) ......... 14 EG
- Ga • (∃y)(Iy • Fay) ......... 8,15 Conj.
- (∃x)[Gx • (∃y)(Iy • Fxy)] ......... 16 EG
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